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- Nouvelles données sur les guêpes braconides (Hymenoptera : Braconidae : Cheloninae, Opiinae, Rogadinae) du Sud-Est de l’Iran
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Nouvelles données sur les guêpes braconides (Hymenoptera : Braconidae : Cheloninae, Opiinae, Rogadinae) du Sud-Est de l’Iran
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Résumé
La faune des Braconidae ((Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea: Cheloninae, Opiinae, Rogadinae) a été étudiée dans différents habitats de la province de Kerman, Iran. Les specimens ont été collectés par filet, piège Malaise et piège lumineux entre 2013 et 2018. Trois sous familles, Cheloninae, Opiinae and Rogadinae, ont été identifiées dans la présente étude. Un total de 11 espèces appartenant à six genres ont été identifiées. Parmi les échantillons identifiés, une seule espèce, Opius (Cryptonastes) ficedus Papp, 1979 (Opiinae) est rapportée pour la première fois en Iran.
Abstract
The fauna of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea: Cheloninae, Opiinae, Rogadinae) was studied in different habitats of Kerman province, southeastern Iran. The specimens were collected using sweep net, Malaise traps and light trap during 2013 to 2018. Three subfamilies: Cheloninae, Opiinae and Rogadinae were identified in the present study. A total of 11 species belonging to six genera were identified. Among identified sample, a single species, Opius (Cryptonastes) ficedus Papp, 1979 (Opiinae) is reported for the first time from Iran.
Table of content
1
1. INTRODUCTION
2Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) is the second largest family of Hymenoptera, with more than 20.000 described species, in more than 1000 genera and 46 subfamilies, worldwide (Yu et al., 2016). They play major ecological roles in the regulation of other insect groups. They have been used in the biological control of agricultural and forest pests (Coronado et al., 2004).
3The subfamily Cheloninae Foerster is a large subfamily with about 1300 described species worldwide (Yu et al., 2016). Members of this subfamily are solitary egg-larval koinobiont endoparasitoids on various Lepidoptera, especially Pyraloidea and Tortricoidea (Shaw & Huddleston, 1991). The subfamily Opiinae is considered as one of the largest groups of Braconidae with more than 2063 valid species in 39 genera (Li et al., 2013; Yu et al., 2016). The species of this subfamily are solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids of larvae of cyclorraphous Diptera (Wharton, 1997). The hosts are known for only around 300 species, mostly within Agromyzidae, Anthomyiidae, Drosophilidae, Ephydridae, Psilidae, Scatophagidae and Tephritidae (Fischer 1971a,b, 1972, 1977, 1987; Shaw & Huddleston, 1991). Rogadinae is a widespread subfamily of koinobiont endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera (Shaw, 1997). All Rogadinae induce the hardening of the host larva before pupation, producing a “mummy” which conceals the parasitoid pupa (Shaw et al. 1997). More than 1159 species of Rogadinae have been described in 58 genera, which most of them are distributed to northern Europe, Asia, and North America (Yu et al., 2016).
4Recently some contributions were made on the Iranian fauna of Cheloninae (Fallahzadeh & Saghaei, 2010; Lashkari-Bod et al., 2011; Ameri et al., 2012; Farahani et al., 2012, 2013, 2014; Derafshan et al., 2017), Opiinae (Lashkari-Bod et al., 2011; Ameri et al., 2014; Khajeh et al., 2014, Ranjbar et al ,.2016; Peris-Felipo et al., 2018; Safahani et al., 2018, Dolati et al., 2018, 2019) and Rogadinae (Telenga, 1941; Hedwig, 1957; Shenefelt, 1975; Lashkari-Bod et al., 2011; Farahani et al., 2015). The objective of this study (being part of our ongoing research on the braconid fauna of Iran) is to improve our knowledge of the family Braconidae in Iran.
2. MATERIAL and METHODS
5The braconid specimens were collected using a standard sweep net, Malaise traps and light traps at different habitats (farms and orchards) located in Kerman province, southeastern Iran during 2013−2018 (Figure 1). The specimens were collected from the traps and sorted weekly. Among collected material, 94 specimens belonging to three subfamilies: Cheloninae, Opiinae and Rogadinae were identified. The collected specimens were subsequently dried and mounted on cards using AXA method (van Achterberg, 2009). The external morphology of specimens was studied using NIKON SMZ800 stereomicroscope. Nomenclature and distributional data are mainly from Yu et al. (2016). The voucher specimens were deposited in the Insect Collection of the Zoological Museum of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran (ZMSBUK).
Figure 1: Geographic map of Kerman province
3. RESULTS
6A total of 11 species belonging to six genera of the 3 subfamilies studied were identified. Among the collected material the species Opius (Cryptonastes) ficedus Papp, 1979 (Opiinae) is a new record for the fauna of Iran. m. a. s. l. refers to 'meters above sea level'.
7Subfamily Cheloninae Förster 1862
8Tribe Chelonini Förster 1862
1. Chelonus (Chelonus) annulipes Wesmael 1835
9Material examined: (4♀); Kerman province: 1♀, sweep net, Bidkhan (29º34' N 56º30' E, 2943 m a. s. l.), 01.viii.2014; 1♀, sweep net, Negar, (29º53' N 56º46' E, 2096 m a. s. l.), 21. viii.2014; leg: F. Abdolalizadeh; 1♀, sweep net, Dashtkar (29º55' N 56º37' E, 2073 m a. s. l.), 21.viii.2014; leg: F. Abdolalizadeh; 1♀, Malaise trap, Sirch (30º11' N 57º34 E'), 25.v.2013, leg.: Sh. Mohebban.
10Distribution in Iran: Alborz, Tehran, Guilan, Qazvin, Semnan provinces (Farahani et al., 2016).
11General distribution: Nearctic, Oriental and Palaearctic.
2. Chelonus (Chelonus) oculator (Fabricius 1775)
12Material examined: (2♀); Kerman province: Anbar Abad, Bardeh (28°28′4.1″ ́N, 58°12′39.3″ E, 1501m), 05-23.v.2017, 1♀, and 21.iv-05.v.2017, 1♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali
13Distribution in Iran: Lorestan, Alborz, Tehran and Qazvin provinces (Farahani et al., 2016).
14General distribution: Palaearctic.
15Tribe Phanerotomini Baker, 1926
3. Phanerotoma (Phanerotoma) leucobasis Kriechbaumer 1894
16Material examined: (2♀); Kerman province: Jiroft, Dalfard (29°00′36″N, 57°36′39.1″E, 2232m), 17.vii-27.viii.2017, 1♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Qaleh Ganj, Rostam Abad (27°29′57.3″ ́N, 57°54′14.4″ E, 387m), 14.iv.2018, 1♀, light trap, Leg.: M. Ehsani.
17Distribution in Iran: Sistan and Baluchestan and Isfahan provinces (Farahani et al., 2016).
18General distribution: Afrotropical, Nearctic and Palaearctic.
4. Phanerotoma (Bracotritoma) permixtellae Fischer 1968
19Material examined: (1♀); Kerman province: Dehbakri, Marghak, Bidkhun (29°07′22.6″ ́N, 57°52′56.8″ E, 2220m), 04-16.vii.2017, 1♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali.
20Distribution in Iran: West Azarbaijan, Hormozgan and Golestan provinces (Farahani et al., 2016).
21General distribution: Greece, Iran and Syria.
22Subfamily Opiinae
5. Opius (Cryptonastes) ficedus Papp 1979
23Material examined: (2♀); Kerman province: Bam, Hemat Abad (29˚08ˊ19.6 ̋ N, 57˚58ˊ05.1 ̋ E, 1673m), 13-31.v.2017, 1♀, and 31.v-04.vii. 2017, 1♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali.
24Distribution in Iran: Kerman province (current study). New record from Iran.
25General distribution: Poland, Slovakia.
6. Phaedrotoma exigua (Wesmael 1835)
26Material examined: (4♀); Kerman province: Bam (29˚06ˊ01.7 ̋ N, 58˚19ˊ44 ̋ E, 1111m), 4.vii-26.viii.2017, 1♀, 05-31.v.2017, 1♀, 31.v-04.vii.2017, 2♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali.
27Distribution in Iran: Tehran, Lorestan and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces (Farahani et al., 2016).
28General distribution: Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic.
7. Phaedrotoma pulchriceps (Szépligeti 1898)
29Material examined: (4♀); Kerman province: Bam (29˚06ˊ01.7 ̋ N, 58˚19ˊ44 ̋ E, 1111m), 4.vii-26.viii.2017, 1♀ and 31.v-04.vii.2017, 1♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Bam, Hemat Abad (29˚08ˊ19.6 ̋ N, 57˚58ˊ05.1 ̋ E, 1673m), 31.v-04.vii. 2017, 2♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali.
30Distribution in Iran: Guilan and East Azarbaijan provinces (Farahani et al., 2016).
31General distribution: Nearctic, Oriental and Palaearctic.
8. Xynobius rudis (Wesmael 1835)
32Material examined: (3♀); Kerman province: Manujan (27˚29ˊ53.1 ̋ N, 57˚33ˊ43.4 ̋ E, 358m), 07.iv-05.v.2017, 1♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Manujan, Chah Nasri (27˚31ˊ14.6 ̋ N, 57˚33ˊ51.5 ̋ E, 384m), 20.iv-05.v.2017, 1♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Qaleh Ganj, Rostam Abad (27°29′57.3″ ́N, 57°54′14.4″ E, 387m), 14.iv.2018, 1♀, light trap, Leg.: M. Ehsani.
33Distribution in Iran: Kermanshah and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces (Farahani et al., 2016).
34General distribution: Nearctic and Palaearctic.
35Subfamily Rogadinae Förster 1862
36Tribe Aleiodini Muesebeck 1928
9. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) bicolor (Spinola 1808)
37Material examined: (50♀, 17♂); Kerman province: Jiroft, Baqer Abad (28°36′13.7″N, 57°49′42″E, 652m), 20.iv-13.v.2017, 1♀ and 13-23.v.2017, 2♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Manujan, Chah Nasri (27˚31ˊ14.6 ̋ N, 57˚33ˊ51.5 ̋ E, 384m), 10.iv-05.v.2017, 3♀ and 05-22.v.2017, 1♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Manujan, Chermil (27˚31ˊ14.6 ̋ N, 57˚33ˊ51.5 ̋ E, 445m), 05 -22.v.2017, 2♀, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Jiroft, Mijan, Sar Asiab (28°41′6.6″N, 57°55′17.7″E, 1288m), 20.iv-05.v.2017, 1♀, 2♂, 05-23.v.2017, 1♀, 23.v-5.vii.2017, 3♂, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Jiroft, Mijan, Koldan (28°41′27.8″N, 57°55′17.8″E, 1349m), 20.iv-05.v.2017, 2♀, 05-23.v.2017, 3♀, 23.v-5.vii.2017, 2♀, 5♂, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Anbar Abad, Bardeh (28°28′4.1″N, 58°12′39.3″ E, 1501m), 21.iv-23.v.2017, 1♀ , 05-23.v.2017, 3♀ , 1♂, 23.v-5.vii.2017, 5♀ , 05.vi-05.vii.2017, 2♀ , 3♂, 05-21.ix.2017, 1♂, Malaise trap, Leg.: M.Purrezaali; Anbar Abad, Roodfarq (28°29′4″ N, 58°9′56.2″E, 1429 m), 05-23.v.2017, 1♀ , 1♂ and 04.vi-5.vii.2017, 8♀ , 1♂, Malaise trap, Leg.: M.Purrezaali; Dehbakri, Marghak, Bidkhun (29°07′22.6″ ́N, 57°52′56.8″ E, 2220m), 22.v-04.vii.2017, 2♀ , Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Bam (29˚06ˊ01.7 ̋ N, 58˚19ˊ44 ̋ E, 1111m), 31.v-04.vii.2017, 6♀ , 4.vii-26.viii.2017, 2♀ and 26.viii-21.iv.2017, 1♀ , Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Bam, Hemat Abad (29˚08ˊ19.6 ̋ N, 57˚58ˊ05.1 ̋ E, 1673m), 31.v-04.vii. 2017, 1'♀', Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali.
38Distribution in Iran: Sistan and Baluchestan, Mazandran, Isfahan, Fars, Alborz, Guilan and Tehran provinces (Farahani et al., 2016).
39General distribution: Palaearctic
10. Aleiodes (Aleiodes) nocturnus Telenga 1941
40Material examined: (2♀, 2♂); Kerman province: Qaleh Ganj, Rostam Abad (27°29′59.2″ ́N, 57°54′13.9″ E, 387m), 10.iv-04.v.2017, 1♂, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Ehsani; Manujan, Chah Nasri (27˚31ˊ14.6 ̋ N, 57˚33ˊ51.5 ̋ E, 384m), 10.iv-05.v.2017, 1♀ and 05-22.v.2017, 1♀ , Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali; Manujan, Chermil (27˚31ˊ14.6 ̋ N, 57˚33ˊ51.5 ̋ E, 445m), 05-22.v.2017, 1♂, Malaise trap, Leg.: M. Purrezaali.
41Distribution in Iran: Tehran and Guilan provinces (Farahani et al., 2016).
42General distribution: Palaearctic
11. Aleiodes (Chelonorhogas) apicalis (Brullé 1832)
43Material examined: (1♀); Kerman province: Anbar Abad, Bardeh (28°28′4.1″ ́N, 58°12′39.3″ E, 1501m), 05.vi-05.vii.2017, 1♀ , Malaise trap, Leg.: M.Purrezaali
44Distribution in Iran: Sistan and Baluchestan, Isfahan, West Azarbaijan, Guilan and Mazandaran provinces (Farahani et al., 2016).
45General distribution: Palaearctic
4. DISCUSSION
46In the present research, we focused on the fauna of Braconidae of Kerman province, which has not been sufficiently explored until now. Totally 11 species in six genera belonging to three braconid subfamilies were identified and recorded from Kerman province, southeastern Iran. A single species, Opius (Cryptonastes) ficedus Papp, 1979 (Opiinae) was recorded for the first time for the fauna of Iran. Almost all the species identified in the current study were collected using Malaise traps, a single species, Chelonus annulipes, was collected using both sweep net (three specimens) and Malaise trap (a single specimen) . This species was collected from alfalfa fields (Medicago sativa) in Bidkhan, Negar and Dashtkar. Two species, Phanerotoma leucobasis and Xynobius rudis were collected using both Malaise trap (three specimens) and light trap (two specimens). Other species (85 specimens) were collected by Malaise traps.
47The geographical distribution of some species (Chelonus oculator, Phanerotoma permixtellae, Aleiodes bicolor, A. nocturnus and A. apicalis) is limited to the Palaearctic region, while other species are also distributed in other zoogeographical regions.
48Prior to this study, the number of the recorded species of the three mentioned subfamilies in Kerman province were: 2 (Cheloninae), 19 (Opiinae) and 7 (Rogadinae) (Farahani et al. 2016; Ranjbar et al., 2016; Abdolalizadeh et al., 2017; Safahani et al., 2018). However, as a result of this study the number of known species of the first two subfamilies in Kerman province increased to 6 and 20 species respectively. There was no new record for Rogadinae.
49In general, the wasps of the mentioned braconids are considered as the most important group of insects which have significant role in biological control of agricultural pests.
50In conclusion, although the present study increases the number of species of Braconidae known from the province, but some habitats in north, northwestern and central parts of the province, have not yet been studied in detail and the real number is expected to be much higher. So more samplings are necessary to increase the knowledge of diversity and applicability of this important group of parasitoids in Kerman province.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
51This research was supported by Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran, which is greatly appreciated. Our special thanks are expressed to Miss M. Ehsani, Miss Sh. Mohebban and Mrs. F. Abdolalizadeh for helping us in sample collection. The authors are grateful to anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and recommendations on the earlier version of this paper.
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