https://popups.uliege.be/3041-539x/index.php?id=953 Index terms fr 0 https://popups.uliege.be/3041-539x/index.php?id=2443 Evolutionary analysis of functional organization of nerve systems and of behavior shows five informational control levels (reflexic L.; multireflexic coordination L.; regulative L.; perceptronic analyzing L.; Analysis-by-Synthesis L .) that represent specific procedures of the closed loop coding-decoding. Maybe weak anticipative prediction is realized at simple reflection and multireflexic coordination structures, incursive anticipative feedback control - at regulation and simple analyzers structures, and strong anticipation - at neocortex structures that work by Analysis-by-Synthesis. The strong anticipation maybe is used only in brains of mammals and birds that are able to create models of future activities that means ability to think. Higher mammals especially apes and humans have sensory screens that enhance mental imaging in Area Striata zone. Tue, 20 Aug 2024 14:39:40 +0200 Tue, 20 Aug 2024 14:39:51 +0200 https://popups.uliege.be/3041-539x/index.php?id=2443 https://popups.uliege.be/3041-539x/index.php?id=952 The concept of an organized system and the historical review of the problem are presented. The concept explains biological phenomena and cybernetics systems in a point of view of functional organization. Cybernetics and information theory consider physical and chemical transformations of energy and matter in organized systems only as signals and a means for realization of some purposive informational control programs. Life (or Artificial Life) is considered to be an adaptive system that stores information. The more such a biological (or artificial) system (species) is effective in storing and using information, the fitter the programs are. Evolution of systems from non-organized and dissipative transformations through elementary organized-regulators, programmed controllers, servo-controllers up to anticipatory systems is discussed. The elementary functional components of a biological cell, a multicellular organism, and an animal are analysed as organized system Mon, 01 Jul 2024 15:28:37 +0200 Mon, 01 Jul 2024 15:28:49 +0200 https://popups.uliege.be/3041-539x/index.php?id=952