https://popups.uliege.be/esaform21/index.php?id=1704 Publications of Auteurs Sana Werda fr 0 https://popups.uliege.be/esaform21/index.php?id=4095 Wire arc additive manufacturing process (WAAM) is an innovative technology that offers freedom in terms of designing functional parts, due to its ability to manufacture large and complex workpieces with a high rate of deposition. This technology is a metal AM process using an electric arc heat source. The parts manufactured are affected by thermal residual stresses due to high-energy input between wire and workpiece despite numerous advantages with this technology. It could cause severe deformation and change the global mechanical response. A 3D transient thermal model was created to evaluate the thermal gradients and fields during metal deposition. The material used in this study is a steel alloy (S355JR-AR). This numerical model takes into account the heat dissipation through the external environment and the heat loss through the cooling system under the base plate. Birth-element activation strategy was used to generate warm solid part following the movement of the heat source. The metal deposition is defined with constant welding speed. Goldak model was used to simulate the heat source in order to have a realistic heat flow distribution. Results were in concordance for thermal cycles at different points comparing with experimental results issued from bibliography in terms of: (1) Temperature maximum, (2) Thermal cycles and (3) Cooling gradient phase. This study enabled to check the numerical model and used as a predictive tool Tue, 30 Mar 2021 15:17:25 +0200 Tue, 30 Mar 2021 15:17:32 +0200 https://popups.uliege.be/esaform21/index.php?id=4095 https://popups.uliege.be/esaform21/index.php?id=4049 The main difficulty presented by the simulation of a global process that includes different forming stages is the correct characterization of the material state at the end of each of these stages, which in turn, are the initial point of the following process. Hardening variables are capable of characterizing the state of the material, which, after a plastic transformation, varies according to the direction of the solicitation and its intensity. The present work carries out an analysis of the influence in the election of the hardening rule used in the behavior law, comparing the most used approach. For a work piece solicited by combined efforts in multiple stages, results are obtained by numerical simulation. A correct choice will allow obtaining reliable predictions, not the solicitations but also to the final geometry and the dissipated energy in the global process, allowing an eventual optimization of such process. Tue, 30 Mar 2021 11:17:20 +0200 Tue, 30 Mar 2021 11:17:28 +0200 https://popups.uliege.be/esaform21/index.php?id=4049