BRITE Nascent Binaries
email : andrzej.pigulski@uwr.edu.pl
Abstract
Nascent binaries (NBs) are binary systems with very low mass ratios, less than ∼0.2, in which the more massive component is an O- or B-type main-sequence star, while the secondary is a star contracting onto the main sequence. NBs are of interest because they can help to under- stand the formation of small-mass ratio systems and shed light on the origin of low-mass X-ray binaries, millisecond pulsars and type Ia supernovae. In photometry, short-period NBs show a strong irradiation effect due to the large difference between the effective temperatures of the components and the strong irradiation of a cool secondary by a hot primary. In spectroscopy, they usually appear as single-lined spectroscopic binaries. In the present paper, we summarize the status of our knowledge of Galactic nascent binaries and characterize two new members of this group, c2 Sco and V390 Pup, for which photometric data were obtained by the BRIght Target Explorer (BRITE) nano-satellite mission.
This work is distributed under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 Licence.
Paper presented at the 41st Liège International Astrophysical Colloquium on “The eventful life of massive star multiples,” University of Liège (Belgium), 15–19 July 2024.
Bibliographie
Balona, L. A. (2016) Rotational modulation in B stars observed by the Kepler K2 mission. MNRAS, 457(4), 3724–3731. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw244.
Borisov, S. B., Chilingarian, I. V., Rubtsov, E. V., Ledoux, C., Melo, C., Grishin, K. A., Katkov, I. Y., Goradzhanov, V. S., Afanasiev, A. V., Kasparova, A. V., and Saburova, A. S. (2023) New generation stellar spectral libraries in the optical and near-infrared. I. The recalibrated UVES-POP library for stellar population synthesis. ApJS, 266(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/acc321.
Bowman, D. M., Aerts, C., Johnston, C., Pedersen, M. G., Rogers, T. M., Edelmann, P. V. F., Simón-Díaz, S., Van Reeth, T., Buysschaert, B., Tkachenko, A., and Triana, S. A. (2019) Photometric detection of internal gravity waves in upper main-sequence stars. I. Methodology and application to CoRoT targets. A&A, 621, A135. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833662.
Burssens, S., Simón-Díaz, S., Bowman, D. M., Holgado, G., Michielsen, M., de Burgos, A., Castro, N., Barbá, R. H., and Aerts, C. (2020) Variability of OB stars from TESS southern Sectors 1–13 and high-resolution IACOB and OWN spectroscopy. A&A, 639, A81. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037700.
Buscombe, W. and Morris, P. M. (1960) The Scorpio-Centaurus association. I. Radial velocities of 120 bright stars. MNRAS, 121, 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/121.3.263.
Campbell, W. W. and Moore, J. H. (1928) Catalogue of observed velocities. Publications of the Lick Observatory, 16, 346.
Cavallo, L., Spina, L., Carraro, G., Magrini, L., Poggio, E., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Pasquato, M., Lucatello, S., Ortolani, S., and Schiappacasse-Ulloa, J. (2024) Parameter estimation for open clusters using an artificial neural network with a QuadTree-based feature extractor. AJ, 167(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad07e5.
Cohen, D. H., Kuhn, M. A., Gagné, M., Jensen, E. L. N., and Miller, N. A. (2008) Chandra spectroscopy of the hot star β Crucis and the discovery of a pre-main-sequence companion. MNRAS, 386(4), 1855–1871. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13176.x.
ESA (1997) The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues. Astrometric and Photometric Star Catalogues derived from the ESA Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission [17 volume set], ESA Special Publications, volume SP-1200. ESA Publications Division, ESTEC, Noordwijk (NL).
Eyles, C. J., Simnett, G. M., Cooke, M. P., Jackson, B. V., Buffington, A., Hick, P. P., Waltham, N. R., King, J. M., Anderson, P. A., and Holladay, P. E. (2003) The Solar Mass Ejection ımager (SMEI). SoPh, 217(2), 319–347. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SOLA.0000006903.75671.49.
Eze, C. I. and Handler, G. (2024) β Cephei pulsators in eclipsing binaries observed with TESS. ApJS, 272(2), 25. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad39c5.
Gagné, J., David, T. J., Mamajek, E. E., Mann, A. W., Faherty, J. K., and Bédard, A. (2020) The μ Tau Association: A 60 Myr old coeval group at 150 pc from the Sun. ApJ, 903(2), 96. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abb77e.
Grosbøl, P. J. (1978) Space velocities and ages of nearby early-type stars. A&AS, 32, 409–421. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978A&AS...32..409G.
Gullikson, K., Kraus, A., and Dodson-Robinson, S. (2016a) The close companion mass-ratio distribution of intermediate-mass stars. AJ, 152(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/40.
Gullikson, K., Kraus, A., Dodson-Robinson, S., Jaffe, D., Lee, J.-E., Mace, G. N., MacQueen, P., Park, S., and Riddle, A. (2016b) Direct spectral detection: An efficient method to detect and characterize binary systems. AJ, 151(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/151/1/3.
Hiltner, W. A., Garrison, R. F., and Schild, R. E. (1969) MK spectral types for bright Southern OB stars. ApJ, 157, 313–326. https://doi.org/10.1086/150069.
IJspeert, L. W., Tkachenko, A., Johnston, C., Garcia, S., De Ridder, J., Van Reeth, T., and Aerts, C. (2021) An all-sky sample of intermediate- to high-mass OBA-type eclipsing binaries observed by TESS. A&A, 652, A120. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141489.
Jerzykiewicz, M., Handler, G., Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz, J., Pigulski, A., Poretti, E., Rodríguez, E., Amado, P. J., Kołaczkowski, Z., Uytterhoeven, K., Dorokhova, T. N., Dorokhov, N. I., Lorenz, D., Zsuffa, D., Kim, S.-L., Bourge, P.-O., Acke, B., De Ridder, J., Verhoelst, T., Drummond, R., Movchan, A. I., Lee, J.-A., Stȩślicki, M., Molenda-Żakowicz, J., Garrido, R., Kim, S.-H., Michalska, G., Paparó, M., Antoci, V., and Aerts, C. (2015) The 2003–2004 multisite photometric campaign for the β Cephei and eclipsing star 16 (EN) Lacertae with an appendix on 2 Andromedae, the variable comparison star. MNRAS, 454(1), 724–740. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1958.
Jerzykiewicz, M., Lehmann, H., Niemczura, E., Molenda-Żakowicz, J., Dymitrov, W., Fagas, M., Guenther, D. B., Hartmann, M., Hrudková, M., Kamiński, K., Moffat, A. F. J., Kuschnig, R., Leto, G., Matthews, J. M., Rowe, J. F., Ruciński, S. M., Sasselov, D., and Weiss, W. W. (2013) μ Eridani from MOST and from the ground: an orbit, the SPB component’s fundamental parameters and the SPB frequencies. MNRAS, 432(2), 1032–1045. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt522.
Jerzykiewicz, M., Pigulski, A., Michalska, G., Moździerski, D., Ratajczak, M., Handler, G., Moffat, A. F. J., Pablo, H., Popowicz, A., Wade, G. A., and Zwintz, K. (2021) BRITE observations of ν Centauri and γ Lupi, the first non-eclipsing members of the new class of nascent binaries. MNRAS, 503(4), 5554–5568. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab846.
Jerzykiewicz, M. and Sterken, C. (1977) Search for β Cephei stars south of declination −20∘. I. ıncidence of light variability among early B giants and subgiants – summer objects. AcA, 27(4), 365–387. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977AcA....27..365J.
Johnston, C., Aimar, N., Abdul-Masih, M., Bowman, D. M., White, T. R., Hawcroft, C., Sana, H., Sekaran, S., Dsilva, K., Tkachenko, A., and Aerts, C. (2021) Characterization of the variability in the O+B eclipsing binary HD 165246. MNRAS, 503(1), 1124–1137. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab488.
Justesen, A. B. and Albrecht, S. (2021) Temperature and distance dependence of tidal circularization in close binaries: A catalog of eclipsing binaries in the Southern Hemisphere observed by the TESS satellite. ApJ, 912(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abefcd.
Levato, H., Malaroda, S., Morrell, N., and Solivella, G. (1987) Stellar multiplicity in the Scorpius-Centaurus association. ApJS, 64, 487–503. https://doi.org/10.1086/191204.
Lindroos, K. P. (1986) A study of visual double stars with early-type primaries. V. Post-T tauri secondaries. A&A, 156, 223–233. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986A&A...156..223L.
Lyubimkov, L. S., Rostopchin, S. I., and Lambert, D. L. (2004) Surface abundances of light elements for a large sample of early B-type stars – III. An analysis of helium lines in spectra of 102 stars. MNRAS, 351(2), 745–767. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07825.x.
Moe, M. and Di Stefano, R. (2015) A new class of nascent eclipsing binaries with extreme mass ratios. ApJ, 801(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/801/2/113.
Nazé, Y., Britavskiy, N., Rauw, G., Labadie-Bartz, J., and Simón-Díaz, S. (2023) Extreme mass ratios and fast rotation in three massive binaries. MNRAS, 525(2), 1641–1656. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2280.
Pablo, H., Whittaker, G. N., Popowicz, A., Mochnacki, S. M., Kuschnig, R., Grant, C. C., Moffat, A. F. J., Rucinski, S. M., Matthews, J. M., Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A., Handler, G., Weiss, W. W., Baade, D., Wade, G. A., Zocłońska, E., Ramiaramanantsoa, T., Unterberger, M., Zwintz, K., Pigulski, A., Rowe, J., Koudelka, O., Orleański, P., Pamyatnykh, A., Neiner, C., Wawrzaszek, R., Marciniszyn, G., Romano, P., Woźniak, G., Zawistowski, T., and Zee, R. E. (2016) The BRITE Constellation nanosatellite mission: Testing, commissioning, and operations. PASP, 128(970), 125001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/128/970/125001.
Pigulski, A. and Jerzykiewicz, M. (1988) The eclipse of 16 Lacertae revisited. AcA, 38, 401–413. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988AcA....38..401P.
Popowicz, A., Pigulski, A., Bernacki, K., Kuschnig, R., Pablo, H., Ramiaramanantsoa, T., Zocłońska, E., Baade, D., Handler, G., Moffat, A. F. J., Wade, G. A., Neiner, C., Rucinski, S. M., Weiss, W. W., Koudelka, O., Orleański, P., Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A., and Zwintz, K. (2017) BRITE Constellation: data processing and photometry. A&A, 605, A26. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730806.
Pourbaix, D., Tokovinin, A. A., Batten, A. H., Fekel, F. C., Hartkopf, W. I., Levato, H., Morrell, N. I., Torres, G., and Udry, S. (2004) SB9: The ninth catalogue of spectroscopic binary orbits. A&A, 424, 727–732. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041213.
Prša, A., Kochoska, A., Conroy, K. E., Eisner, N., Hey, D. R., IJspeert, L., Kruse, E., Fleming, S. W., Johnston, C., Kristiansen, M. H., LaCourse, D., Mortensen, D., Pepper, J., Stassun, K. G., Torres, G., Abdul-Masih, M., Chakraborty, J., Gagliano, R., Guo, Z., Hambleton, K., Hong, K., Jacobs, T., Jones, D., Kostov, V., Lee, J. W., Omohundro, M., Orosz, J. A., Page, E. J., Powell, B. P., Rappaport, S., Reed, P., Schnittman, J., Schwengeler, H. M., Shporer, A., Terentev, I. A., Vanderburg, A., Welsh, W. F., Caldwell, D. A., Doty, J. P., Jenkins, J. M., Latham, D. W., Ricker, G. R., Seager, S., Schlieder, J. E., Shiao, B., Vanderspek, R., and Winn, J. N. (2022) TESS eclipsing binary stars. I. Short-cadence observations of 4584 eclipsing binaries in sectors 1–26. ApJS, 258(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac324a.
Shi, X.-d., Qian, S.-b., and Li, L.-J. (2022) New pulsating stars detected in EA-type eclipsing–binary systems based on TESS data. ApJS, 259(2), 50. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac59b9.
Shultz, M. E., Owocki, S. P., ud Doula, A., Biswas, A., Bohlender, D., Chandra, P., Das, B., David-Uraz, A., Khalack, V., Kochukhov, O., Landstreet, J. D., Leto, P., Monin, D., Neiner, C., Rivinius, T., and Wade, G. A. (2022) MOBSTER – VI. The crucial influence of rotation on the radio magnetospheres of hot stars. MNRAS, 513(1), 1429–1448. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac136.
Simón-Díaz, S. and Herrero, A. (2014) The IACOB project. I. Rotational velocities in northern Galactic O- and early B-type stars revisited. The impact of other sources of line-broadening. A&A, 562, A135. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322758.
Southworth, J. (2012) JKTEBOP: Analyzing light curves of detached eclipsing binaries. Astrophysics Source Code Library, record ascl:1207.013.
Southworth, J. and Bowman, D. M. (2022) High-mass pulsators in eclipsing binaries observed using TESS. MNRAS, 513(3), 3191–3209. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac875.
Stassun, K. G., Torres, G., Johnston, C., Stevens, D. J., Feliz, D. L., Kounkel, M., and Bouma, L. G. (2021) Discovery and characterization of a rare magnetic hybrid β Cephei slowly pulsating B-type star in an eclipsing binary in the young open cluster NGC 6193. ApJ, 910(2), 133. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abe5a8.
Tango, W. J., Davis, J., Ireland, M. J., Aerts, C., Uytterhoeven, K., Jacob, A. P., Mendez, A., North, J. R., Seneta, E. B., and Tuthill, P. G. (2006) Orbital elements, masses and distance of λ Scorpii A and B determined with the Sydney University Stellar ınterferometer and high-resolution spectroscopy. MNRAS, 370(2), 884–890. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10526.x.
Telting, J. H., Schrijvers, C., Ilyin, I. V., Uytterhoeven, K., De Ridder, J., Aerts, C., and Henrichs, H. F. (2006) A high-resolution spectroscopy survey of β Cephei pulsations in bright stars. A&A, 452(3), 945–953. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20054730.
Tognelli, E., Prada Moroni, P. G., and Degl’Innocenti, S. (2011) The Pisa pre-main sequence tracks and isochrones. A database covering a wide range of Z, Y , mass, and age values. A&A, 533, A109. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200913913.
Uytterhoeven, K., Willems, B., Lefever, K., Aerts, C., Telting, J. H., and Kolb, U. (2004) Interpretation of the variability of the β Cephei star λ Scorpii. I. The multiple character. A&A, 427, 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041223.
van Albada, T. S. and Sher, D. (1969) Radial velocities of B stars in the Sco-Cen association. BAN, 20, 204–207. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969BAN....20..204V.
van Hoof, A., Bertiau, F. C., and Deurinck, R. (1963) Radial velocities of twenty-nine stars in the Scorpio-Centaurus region. ApJ, 137, 824–833. https://doi.org/10.1086/147558.
Vanzi, L., Zapata, A., Flores, M., Brahm, R., Tala Pinto, M., Rukdee, S., Jones, M., Ropert, S., Shen, T., Ramirez, S., Suc, V., Jordán, A., and Espinoza, N. (2018) Precision stellar radial velocity measurements with FIDEOS at the ESO 1-m telescope of La Silla. MNRAS, 477(4), 5041–5051. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty936.
Watson, C. L., Henden, A. A., and Price, A. (2006) The ınternational Variable Star ındex (VSX). In Proceedings for the 25th Annual Conference of the Society for Astronomical Sciences. Symposium on Telescope Science, edited by Warner, B. D., Foote, J., Kenyon, D. A., and Mais, D., pages 47–56. Society for Astronomical Sciences. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SASS...25...47W.
Weiss, W. W., Rucinski, S. M., Moffat, A. F. J., Schwarzenberg-Czerny, A., Koudelka, O. F., Grant, C. C., Zee, R. E., Kuschnig, R., Mochnacki, S., Matthews, J. M., Orleanski, P., Pamyatnykh, A., Pigulski, A., Alves, J., Guedel, M., Handler, G., Wade, G. A., and Zwintz, K. (2014) BRITE-Constellation: Nanosatellites for precision photometry of bright stars. PASP, 126(940), 573–585. https://doi.org/10.1086/677236.
Zwintz, K., Pigulski, A., Kuschnig, R., Wade, G. A., Doherty, G., Earl, M., Lovekin, C., Müllner, M., Piché-Perrier, S., Steindl, T., Beck, P. G., Bicz, K., Bowman, D. M., Handler, G., Pablo, B., Popowicz, A., Różański, T., Mikołajczyk, P., Baade, D., Koudelka, O., Moffat, A. F. J., Neiner, C., Orleański, P., Smolec, R., Louis, N. S., Weiss, W. W., Wenger, M., and Zocłońska, E. (2024) Catalogue of BRITE-constellation targets: I. Fields 1 to 14 (November 2013–April 2016). A&A, 683, A49. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348236.