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Sophie Rosu

Apsidal Motion in Massive Binaries: Or How to Sound Stellar Interiors Without Asteroseismology

(Volume 93 - Année 2024 — No 3 - 41st Liège International Astrophysical Colloquium)
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Abstract

The determination of the apsidal motion in close eccentric binary systems is (one of) the most efficient and reliable observational technique allowing to probe the internal structure of a star. The apsidal motion is the secular precession of the binary orbit’s major axis and it is dependent on the tidal interactions occurring between the two stars. The apsidal motion rate is directly related to the internal structure of the stars, in particular their inner stellar density profile. The rate of apsidal motion can be constrained, together with the fundamental parameters of the stars, through state-of-the-art adjustment of combined radial velocity and light curve measurements made over a long timescale. The internal structures of the stars are subsequently constrained through the confrontation of the observationally determined parameters to theoretical models of stellar structure and evolution. This powerful technique has been known for years but has been seldom applied to massive stars. I highlight its interest and discuss recent results concerning several massive binaries, among others one binary that captured our attention for decades notably due to its twin property: HD 152248. While standard 1D stellar evolution models predict stars having a smaller internal stellar structure constant, that is to say, stars having a lower density contrast, than expected from observations, I demonstrate that the addition of mixing inside the models helps to solve, at least partially, this discrepancy. Whether this additional mixing might be fully explained by rotational mixing is under investigation. Ongoing studies with the non-perturbative code MoBiDICT show that the perturbative model assumption is not justified in highly distorted stars. In these cases, the apsidal motion is underestimated, which exacerbates even more the need for enhanced mixing inside the models.

Keywords : stars: early-type, stars: evolution, stars: massive, binaries: eclipsing, binaries: spectroscopic

This work is distributed under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 Licence.

Paper presented at the 41st Liège International Astrophysical Colloquium on “The eventful life of massive star multiples,” University of Liège (Belgium), 15–19 July 2024.

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Pour citer cet article

Sophie Rosu, «Apsidal Motion in Massive Binaries: Or How to Sound Stellar Interiors Without Asteroseismology», Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège [En ligne], Volume 93 - Année 2024, No 3 - 41st Liège International Astrophysical Colloquium, 28-49 URL : https://popups.uliege.be/0037-9565/index.php?id=12255.

A propos de : Sophie Rosu

Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, The Oskar Klein Centre, AlbaNova, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
email : srosu@kth.se